The purpose of these calculations is to find out the voltage needed
across the inner coils and outer cylinders for
design approaches 1 and
2.
The purpose of this voltage is to pull electrons to either side of
each of the meshes that are the output cylinders. This is to surround
the holes in the meshes with electrons with the intent of creating new
charged particles within the holes as per this theory.
The number of electrons needed surrounding the holes has already been
calculated here. Here is a repeat of
the initial illustration from that page.
The mesh to be used in this first attempt is the copper WireMesh product
by Amaco but which I
purchase via snailmail from
Blick.
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As you can see from the above photos, the holes are very small. This
is 80 mesh copper meaning that each hole is 0.18mm (0.00018m) square. The above
photo doesn't show actual holes. There are actually 34 holes per cm
or 3400 holes per meter, so that's 0.000294m/hole including the wire
around the hole. This makes sense if the hole alone is 0.00018m, the
wire making up the extra.
The previously mentioned calculations
are for electrons in a circle but this can be used as an approximation
for the square mesh holes.
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So as the small diagram to the right above shows, e represents the
length of the side of a hole, including the surrounding wire (e.g. e=0.000294m).
From the previous calculations for electrons in a circle
the number of electrons needed on the wire around our mesh hole to produce
an electrons in the center of the hole is calculated using this formula:
where e/2 is the radius of the electron circle or half the width of the mesh hole
and surrounding wire.
We then divide by the number of electrons needed around a hole by 4 since we
want the number per side.
The basic layout of the device with the outer cylindrical electrode,
one output mesh cylinder and the inner cylindrical electrode looks like
this.
We next need to find out the number of electrons needed for all the
holes in an output cylinder made of the above mesh. That isn't simply
the number of holes multiplied by the number of electrons needed per hole.
That's because each hole shares electrons with its neighbor holes. So
we really need to know how many individual hole sides there are, taking
into account that the four sides to any hole are shared by its neighbor
sides.
The number of holes in a single line lengthwise is L/e (187, rounding down) and
the number of
holes in a single circumference is 2πo/e (288). The number of hole sides in all
lines lengthwise is therefore:
And the number of hole sides in all circumferences is:
So finally the total number of electrons needed for all sides is:
We now know how many electrons we need to spread out on the mesh so
that we have the proper number surrounding each hole in order to
create an electron in the center of each hole.
Next we need to find out what voltage is needed across the inner and outer
cylindrical electrodes in order to get those electrons to the mesh. The
following diagram illustrates that the number of electrons we need on
a mesh is also the number of electrons we need on a nearby electrode,
1.02781426x1013 electrons.
We can use this number of electrons to find the voltage that we
need to put across the electrodes in order to get those electrons onto
the mesh, starting with finding the capacitance. The capacitance of
a cylindrical capacitor is:
We also know that capacitance is a ratio of the charge to the voltage, which
by rearranging as follows gives us the formula for the voltage.
Calculating it out we get:
This sounds quite high but by playing around with the variables,
substituting reasonable variables into a spreadsheet then something
lower such as the 32kV below can be arrived at.
The above is for a 6cm long cylindrical capacitor, with the
same mesh size used on the page above, but with a 1/4"
diameter rod (0.003175m radius) for the inner cylinder electrode,
a 6mm gap between the inner cylinder and the output cylinder
where this gap is filled with a high dielectric constant (K=15)
mix of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and epoxy, and the outer
cylinder has a radius of 12mm.
The above can also be improved with a higher dielectric constant (K)
though from experience, that is difficult to achieve in a home
workshop. Also, the dielectric material can easily be made one or two
millimeters thinner, though again based on experience, not much
more than that.
If sharp voltage spikes are used then supplying this high voltage
while not having dielectric breakdown issues is not that
difficult.
Also, an assumption is being made here that the electrons in the circle,
or on the sides of the mesh holes, will be the sole supply of
waves to make up the required amplitude at the center of the circle.
In fact, a contribution will also be made by all other surrounding
electrons. Without their contribution there would be no net gain in
energy. As a result, the required voltage may be much smaller.
